Latest Software-Architecture Articles

System design interviews are rarely failed because a candidate has never heard of caching, load balancing, replication, queues, or database sharding. More often, the problem is how those concepts are applied : designing before understanding requirements, estimating numbers that never influence the a

Microservices architecture structures an application as a set of independently deployable services, each responsible for a focused business capability. Instead of deploying users, orders, payments, inventory, and notifications as one application, these capabilities can evolve, scale, and fail indepe

A system design interview evaluates how an engineer turns an ambiguous product problem into a practical architecture. The goal is rarely to discover one perfect design. Interviewers are more interested in how requirements are clarified, assumptions are made, scale is estimated, components are select