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Onion Architecture is a software architecture pattern that organizes application code into concentric layers centered on the domain model. Its fundamental rule is that dependencies must point inward: code in an outer layer may depend on an inner layer, but code in an inner layer must not depend on a

Hexagonal Architecture, also known as Ports and Adapters Architecture, is a software architecture pattern that separates application logic from external technologies such as databases, web frameworks, message brokers, and third-party APIs. Instead of allowing business rules to depend directly on Fas

The AWS Certified Developer – Associate (DVA-C02) certification validates your ability to develop, deploy, secure, troubleshoot, and optimize applications using Amazon Web Services. Unlike certifications primarily focused on infrastructure architecture, Developer Associate emphasizes what happens in

The AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate (SAA-C03) certification validates your ability to design secure, resilient, high-performing, and cost-optimized architectures on Amazon Web Services. The exam tests practical knowledge of AWS services and architectural decision-making. Instead of sim

The AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional certification validates advanced skills in designing secure, resilient, high-performing, and cost-effective solutions on Amazon Web Services. The exam goes beyond identifying individual AWS services. It tests whether you can evaluate complex requi

Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable Domain Name System (DNS) service from AWS. It translates domain names such as example.com into DNS answers that help clients locate websites, APIs, mail servers, and other network services. Route 53 also supports domain registration, traffic routing

Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring and observability service from AWS. It collects metrics, logs, and other operational signals from AWS infrastructure and applications, allowing engineers to understand system health, investigate failures, create dashboards, and configure automated alarms. Services s

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is the AWS service used to control access to AWS resources. IAM defines who or what can make requests, which operations are allowed, which resources those operations apply to, and the conditions that must be satisfied. For example, an application running on A

Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) is an AWS networking service that lets you create a logically isolated virtual network for cloud resources. You choose IP address ranges, define subnets, configure routing, and control which systems can communicate. Services such as Amazon EC2, Amazon RDS, E

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) from AWS that accelerates the delivery of websites, APIs, images, videos, downloads, and other content. Instead of every request traveling directly to an application's origin server, CloudFront routes requests through its global edge infrastructu

Amazon EventBridge is a serverless event integration service from AWS. It allows applications, AWS services, and supported third-party systems to publish events and route them to interested consumers. Instead of making synchronous requests to every downstream service, a producer emits a business eve

Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) is a fully managed publish/subscribe messaging service from AWS. It allows applications to publish messages to a topic and automatically distribute those messages to subscribed endpoints, including Amazon SQS queues, AWS Lambda functions, HTTP endpoint

Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) is a fully managed message queuing service from AWS. It allows applications to send, store, and receive messages without operating their own message broker infrastructure. A producer sends a message to a queue, and a consumer retrieves it when ready to perfor

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) is a managed Kubernetes service from AWS. It allows teams to deploy, run, and scale containerized applications using standard Kubernetes APIs without operating the Kubernetes control plane themselves. AWS manages the control plane infrastructure, includ

Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) is a managed container orchestration service that deploys, runs, and scales containerized applications on AWS. Instead of manually starting Docker containers on individual servers, developers define the application containers, resource requirements, netw

Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed, serverless NoSQL database service from AWS. It stores data as items in tables and uses primary keys to distribute and retrieve those items efficiently. Unlike traditional relational databases, DynamoDB does not require applications to manage database servers, stor

Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) is an AWS managed database service that simplifies running relational databases in the cloud. Instead of installing PostgreSQL or MySQL on a virtual machine, configuring disks, scheduling backups, and managing infrastructure maintenance yourself, you c

AWS Lambda is a serverless computing service that runs application code without requiring developers to provision or manage servers. You deploy a function, configure its runtime, memory, permissions, and event sources, and AWS executes the code when it is invoked. Lambda automatically manages the un

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is an AWS object storage service designed to store and retrieve data at virtually any scale. Applications use S3 to store images, videos, documents, backups, logs, datasets, and other files without managing storage servers or provisioning disk capacity in ad

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is an AWS service that provides virtual servers, called instances, for running applications in the cloud. Instead of purchasing physical servers, engineers can launch virtual machines with a chosen operating system, CPU, memory, storage, and networking confi

Auto Scaling is the process of automatically increasing or decreasing computing capacity based on application demand, resource utilization, or predefined schedules. Instead of manually adding servers when traffic increases and removing them when traffic decreases, an Auto Scaling system continuously

CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery or Continuous Deployment . It is a set of software engineering practices that automate how code changes are tested, built, and released. Instead of manually copying application files to servers or running a long deployment checklist, te