Latest Networking Articles

Production networking is not only about making services reachable. A reliable network architecture must continue operating when instances fail, traffic spikes, dependencies become slow, DNS changes, connections accumulate, certificates rotate, or entire failure domains become unavailable.

HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3 expose largely the same application-level request and response model, but they move those requests across the network very differently. The differences become important when applications make many concurrent requests, operate over high-latency networks, or experience pac

Highly available network architecture is designed so that the failure of a single host, network device, availability zone, gateway, or traffic path does not make an application unreachable.

Kubernetes pods are dynamic. They are created during scaling, replaced after failures, moved between nodes, and recreated during deployments. Each replacement can receive a different IP address. Production applications therefore cannot safely depend on discovering and calling individual pod addresse

TCP and UDP are transport protocols that move data between applications, but they make very different trade-offs. TCP provides ordered, reliable delivery through a connection-oriented model, while UDP sends independent datagrams with much less protocol overhead and no built-in guarantee that data wi

Backend applications rarely operate in isolation. A typical request may pass through DNS, a load balancer, a reverse proxy, several application services, a cache, a database, and an external API before a response reaches the client.